Plant for producing and utilizing steam



Feb. 4,1930. 0. SCHWARTZ PLANT FOR PRODUCING AND UTILIZING STEAM FiledMarch 8, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Feb. 4, 1-930. "c.SCHWARTZ PLANI' FOR PRODUCING AND UTILIZIQG STEAK Filed March 8. 1924 2Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Ill hssnaih ITNNW f/LS ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 4,1930 UNITED- STATESPATENT OFFICE CARL SCHWARTZ, NEW YORK, N. Y.,ASSIGNOR TO INTERNATIONAL OOMIBUSTION ENGINEERING CORPORATION,CORPORATION OF DELAWARE PLANT FOR PRODUCING AND UTILIZING STEAMApplication filed March 8,

The invention relates to plants wherein steam is superheated andsubsequently employed, to apparatus whereby the steam is superheated,and/or to the mode of employment and arrangement of steam superheatingmeans in association with the functioning elements or device of a plant,such as above mentioned, or portions of such a plant.

The invention has various objects or as-' pects.

In many power plants of the present time there is employed a highpressure steam turbine, which may be considered as the pnmary engine orinitial steam user, and the exhaust or used steam from the high pressureturbine is passed to a low pressure turbine to perform further work. Thelow pressure turbine may be referred to as the secondary engine, and isbroadly means for further using steam that has been previously employedto perform some useful work as in a primary engine such as the hlghpressure turbine above referred to. In certam cases it is desirable fromthe point of view of power and efficiency to add heat to the steamexhausted from the primary engine-preferably enough heat should be addedto substantially superheat the steam-prior to its introduction into thesecondary engine, and certain aspects of the invention relate to themode and arrangement for accomplishing this.

Also, in many of the large power plants of the present time steam isproduced by the burning of fuel, as coal, in pulverized or finelydivided form. In the burning of pulverized coal there is a tendency forthe ash from the coal to deposit and form slag unless special modes ormeans are employed to eifect the cooling of the ash whereby that whichcollects is in 'a condition to permit of ready handling. Certain aspectsof the invention relate to the burning of pulverized fuel as the mediumfor reheating the steam exhausted from the primary engine whereby thesecondary engine will receive the reheated steam in a superheatedcondition. Furthermore, certain aspects relateto the manner of combiningor bringing in associated relationship means for cooling the ash withthe super- 1924. Serial No. 697,699.

heating means or elements, as such means may be termed. Some aspectsrelate to a novel combining of the'pulverized fuel furnace andsuperheater with the furnaces and boilers of the plant as a whole.

The furnaces for burning of pulverized fuel, as diagrammaticallyillustrated herein, preferably employ series of spaced cooling tubesconstituting a screen or screens for protecting certain portions of thefurnace structure and cooling the ash. An important function of such ascreen is to cool the ash par ticles leaving the fuel and flame streampreferably below the point of coalescence prior to the ash striking arecipient surface. Precipitated ash particles thus cooled deposit in afine floury condition. Such a screen formed of spaced pipes is shown asarranged between the fuel and flame stream and the recipient surface andin the constructions illustrated these spaced pipes are in thecirculation of or constitute a part of a steam generating boiler.Certain aspects of the present invention contemplate novel combinationsof the cooling screen or boiler comprising such on the one hand with thesuperheater or the elements for superheating the exhaust steam ontheother hand.

The invention comprises many objects or aspects other than thosementioned as willreadily appear from the description and claimsconstituting part of the specification and particularly when consideredin conjunction with the accompanying drawings constituting a part of thespecification and that illustrate some specific embodiments in whichdirection of the arrows, and Figure 4 a partial vertical sectional viewtaken as on the 35 which puliverized fuel is" fed in a suitable manline44 of Figure 1 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 5 illustrates a plant arrangement wherein a battery of boilerssupplies steam 5 that passes in succession to a highpressure steamturbine, thence into a superheater heated by the burning of pulverizedfuel, and ultimately into a low pressure steam turbine. According to theconstruction of Figure 5 the pulverized fuel furnace for heating thesuperheater has in association therewith the cooling tubes of a waterscreen that in effect constitute part of a boiler which is connected soas to deliver steam to the steam delivery system leading from the highpressure boilers to the high pressure steam turbine.

Figure 6 illustrates an arrangement wherein high pressure steam isdelivered from a battery of boilers to a high pressure steam turbine andpasses therefrom into a superheater and thence to a low pressureturbine. In the arrangement of Figure 6 the superheater mentioned isheated by the burning of pulverized coal in a furnace within theofftake'of which the superheater is arranged but which'furnace hascooling screens constituting parts of a boiler which'may be consideredin effect part of a boiler of the battery of boilers for the primaryengine. I

A detaileddescription followsin respect to each of thestructuresandarrangements above referred'to. 'Referring othestifuctureof Figures 1 to 4 the ref'erenc'e characterl designates a plverizedwfueli -furnace having a burner 52; ll: y

v nw-ard direction and burned by air; whichis admitted with the fuel asthrough theburner casing 3 and some of which is admitted'through aseriesof vertical openings 4 after passing through spaces or ducts 5 thatprovidethe'dual function of heating the air and the cooling to a certainextent by the air of the vertical walls of the furnace 5 that areexposed to the heat resulting from the combustion of the fuel. The fuelfed and burned in this manner'produces' a reverting fuel and flamestream Sand the products of combustion pass from the furnace through theofi-take passageways 7, 8 and 9 collectively constituting what may beconsidered as the off-take portion of the furnace. In this off-takeportion there is located a steam superheater 10, or steam superheatingelement as this may be referred to, which is constructed so that it canreceive steam from an outside source, as by piping 11-for example,exhaust or used steam from a high pressure turbine or other primaryengineand so as to deliver, as by piping 12, such -steam when reheatedand in a superheated condition to a secondary engine where such reheatedsteam is further employed. In the burning of fuel when in finely dividedor pulverized form, and particularly pulverized coal, certain portionsof the furnace are subjected to intense heat; moreover, ash'particlesleavingthe fuel and flame stream have a tendency to collect as a mass ofslag unless somemeans or instrumentality is employed to cool the ashparticles before depositing to a temperature sufficiently low to preventthis and to that end the furnace is provided with a series of spacedrelatively horizontally extending cooling tubes 13 and a series ofspaced relatively vertically extend-- ing tubes 14 arranged so as toform protectmg cooling screens.

The relatively horizontally extending cooling the fuel and flame streamto a point sufficiently low to avoid objectionable slag formation wherethe ash particles lodge or strike.

An inspection of said Figures 1 to 4 will show the arrangement of thespaced tubes whereby the screens are formed and will also show that suchtubes constitute essential elements in the circulatory system of aboiler 15 and are in effect a part of the boiler,

The steam space 16 of the boiler which is in the drum 17 is incommunication through piping 18 with another boiler as will behereinafter described.

The superheater 10 has a common header or drum 19 into which the steamfrom the piping 11 is delivered and said header 19 in effect constitutesa distributing drum whereby the used steam is distributed relativelyuniformly to tubes 20 and 21 of the superheater.

An inspection of Figure 2 will show that there are several tubes 20 and2]: and that said tubes are arranged in sets or pairs with the tubes 20and 21 of each set being connected to a vertical connector or header 22towhich in turn there is connected a set of pipes 23,- 24, 25 and 26,there being a set of such pipes for each vertical header. The deliveryends of the several sets of pipes 23, 24, 25, 26 are all connected to acommon header or drum 27 that serves to collect the superheated steamand from which the collected steam is conducted by the piping 12.

.Reverting to the boiler 15, it Will be observed that the circulationthereof is from the drum 17 downwardly through piping 28 into a commonheader 29. thence upwardly through the lowermost tubes 30 and theuppermost tubes 31 of the relatively horizontal cooling tubes or screen13, and ultimately back to the drum through vertical tubes 32, of thevertical cooling tubes or screen .14, that are connected to the Waterspace of the boiler at 34.

Each lowermost tube 30 is connected to its corresponding uppermost tube31 by a suitable fitting 33, and likewise each tube 31 is in turnconnected to its corresponding vertical tube 32 by a special fitting 33.It

will therefore be seen that the arrangement.

is such that effective thermal circulation is insured for eachhorizontal and vertical screen tube thus connected.

The furnace boiler and preheater arrange-' steam delivering systemleading from the main battery of boilers to the high pressure steamturbine A and it ,will be manifest that with boiler 15 thus connectedsuch boiler must be constructed for high pressure work and may beconsidered as a part of the main batter I 'I he construction of Figure 6will now be considered. In said figure, 35 indicates a r pulverized fuelburning furnace for primary boilers, as 36, and according to theconstruction of this figure the high pressure steam passes from theboilers 36 through a superheater element, as 37, to a high pressuresteam turbine A, and the exhaust steam from this turbine passes bypiping 38 and 11 to a superheater 1-0 that is heated b the burning ofpulverized coal, and this re eated steam in a superheated conditionpasses by means of piping 12 and 39 to low pressure turbine B.

In the construction of Figure 6 the series of cooling tubes or screens13 and 14 are a partof a boiler which in turn may be considered ineffect part of boiler 36 because the large steam drum 46 and the smallerdrum 47 are arranged relatively to each other and are connected in sucha way that they function as two drums of the same boiler, the waterspaces of the drum 47 and drum 46 being connected by piping 48 and thesteam spaces being in communication by the piping 49. A ortion of thefeed water in each instance will be admitted to the drum 17 or 47 ofFigs. 5 and 6, respectively, and the remainder of the feed water will beadmitted to the drum of the main boiler 36.

It will be manifest that the invention herein described is not limitedto the precise mode and arrangement of the several elements or operativeparts as herein set forth and that the invention is susceptible to beembodied in various forms and modifications without departing from 'thespirit and scope thereof.

What is claimed is:

1. In combination a first steam using de I vice, a second steam usingdevice, a steam reheating element in the form of a steam superheater,said steam reheating element having piping for conducting exhaust steamthereto from said first device and also having piping for conducting thereheated steam therefrom to said second steam using device, a pulverizedfuel burning furnace for heatin said steam reheating element, coolingtubes in the furnace for cooling certain parts of the furnace structureand for cooling precipitating ash, another furnace having a steam boilerthat delivers steam for use to said first device prior to its beingreheated by said steam reheating element, the said cooling tubes beingconnected to said boiler.

2. In combination a first steam using device, second steam using device,a steam superheater having piping for conducting exhaust steam theretofrom said first device and also having piping for conducting thereheated steam therefrom to said second steam using device, a pulverizedfuel burning furnace for heating said superheater, tubes for coolingcertain parts of the furnace structure and-for cooling ash, anotherfurnace having a steam boiler that delivers steam for use to said firstdevice prior to its being reheated by said superheater, the said coolingtubes being connected to said boiler.

CARL SCHWARTZ.

